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2月21日世界母語日的由來

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  3. 教務組長 於 2022-11-01 05:27:10 發布，已有 1289 人次閱讀過

2月21日世界母語日的由來  

 世界母語日的誕生與孟加拉捍衛語言權力的運動密不可分。1947年巴基斯坦成為獨立的國家，當時的巴基斯坦包括兩部分，東巴基斯坦為孟加拉，西巴基斯坦則是今日的巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國。在東巴基斯坦人們使用孟加拉語，而在西巴基斯坦主要使用以烏爾都語為主的4種語言。

　　因為巴基斯坦將烏爾都語作為唯一的官方語言，此舉引起東巴基斯坦強烈的不滿，也因此孟加拉民眾發起捍衛語言權力的運動。而1952年2月21日許多參與此次運動的民眾在達卡（今孟加拉國首都）被捕，且有數名示威者在這次的衝突事件中犧牲；故國際社會稱這些犧牲者為「人類有史以來第一次為語言犧牲的語文烈士」。　

　　在孟加拉獨立後，即為這幾位語文烈士建立紀念碑，而他們的壯烈犧牲也喚醒了大眾對孟加拉語言文化的重視。於是1956年，巴基斯坦憲法規定孟加拉語和烏爾都語同時列為官方語言。另外，聯合國教科文組織也在1999年第30屆大會上決定將每年2月21日定為「世界母語日」，旨在促進語言和文化的多樣性，及多語種化。


資料來源：http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-mother-language-day

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